Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
Billions of people still lack the access to drinkable water and hygiene services, while the progress has been slowed by the limited cooperation between nations despite sharing groundwater systems. Efficiency of water use has improved over time, but large gaps remain, especially in lower-income regions. Overall, this goal requires more commitment to provide safe water and protect freshwater ecosystems. To see the full picture, a map showing the percentage of households with piped water can be analysed. Together with data on private flush toilets these metrics show access to water and sanitation at the household level, which is central to this goal.
Households with flush toilets
Read more about this goal on the official SDG website
Read articles
- Magbonde, K., Thiam, D. & Wagner, N. (2024). The economic impacts of rural water supply infrastructures in developing countries: Empirical evidence from Senegal. Environmental and Resource Economics, 87, 2571-2628.
Komarulzaman, A., Smits, J. & De Jong, E. (2017). Clean Water, Sanitation and Diarrhoea in Indonesia: Effects of Household and Community Factors. Global Public Health, 12(9), 1141-1155.
Komarulzaman, A., De Jong, E. & Smits, J. (2017). The Switch to Refillable Bottled Water in Indonesia: A Serious Health Risk. Journal of Water and Health, 15(6), 1004-1014.