Goal 5: Gender Equality
While progress has been made over the past decades, gender gaps persist and equality remains to be reached. The Subnational Gender Development Index (SGDI), calculated by dividing the female version of the Subnational Human Development Index (SHDI) by the male version, shows that many countries still face gender inequality to the disadvantage of women since many countries have a value below one. Similarly, although child marriage has become less common worldwide, many subnational regions in sub-Saharan Africa still face a mean age at first marriage below 18.
SHDI for women
SHDI for men
Mean age difference partners (husband-wife)
Total fertility rate
Read articles
Wildeman, J., Morsink, K. & Wagner, N. (2025). The effect of mobile internet on child marriage and teen pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. GDL Working paper 25-101.
Wildeman, J., Schrijner, S. & Smits, J. (2023). Fertility rates and social media usage in sub-Saharan Africa. Population, Space and Place, 29, doi:10.1002/psp.2635.
Smits, J. (2020). The Subnational Gender Development Index: Within-country variation in gender (in)equality revealed. UNDP-HDialog Blog.