Subnational HDI (v10.1)

Human Development
Income index
Subnational regions
Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria
All years

Income index

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Malawi (Africa)  
Total 0.356 0.364 0.348 0.360 0.345 0.369 0.377 0.380 0.382 0.383 0.382 0.371 0.370 0.374 0.378 0.379 0.382 0.391 0.398 0.406 0.411 0.414 0.413 0.417 0.421 0.421 0.420 0.422 0.425 0.429 0.426 0.426 0.424 0.422
Blantyre 0.406 0.414 0.398 0.414 0.403 0.432 0.444 0.451 0.458 0.463 0.466 0.443 0.432 0.427 0.420 0.426 0.433 0.448 0.460 0.473 0.483 0.485 0.482 0.484 0.487 0.485 0.483 0.490 0.497 0.505 0.507 0.507 0.504 0.503
Kasungu 0.353 0.361 0.345 0.357 0.343 0.367 0.375 0.378 0.381 0.382 0.381 0.367 0.362 0.363 0.364 0.366 0.370 0.381 0.389 0.398 0.405 0.406 0.404 0.406 0.409 0.407 0.406 0.412 0.419 0.428 0.430 0.430 0.427 0.426
Lilongwe 0.360 0.368 0.352 0.365 0.352 0.376 0.385 0.389 0.393 0.395 0.395 0.386 0.388 0.396 0.403 0.403 0.405 0.414 0.420 0.426 0.431 0.435 0.435 0.440 0.445 0.446 0.447 0.445 0.443 0.443 0.437 0.437 0.434 0.433
Machinga 0.348 0.356 0.340 0.351 0.337 0.360 0.367 0.369 0.371 0.372 0.370 0.358 0.357 0.361 0.364 0.366 0.369 0.380 0.387 0.396 0.403 0.402 0.397 0.397 0.398 0.395 0.391 0.394 0.398 0.403 0.401 0.401 0.399 0.398
Mangochi 0.342 0.350 0.334 0.346 0.332 0.356 0.364 0.366 0.369 0.371 0.370 0.358 0.356 0.359 0.362 0.364 0.367 0.377 0.384 0.393 0.399 0.402 0.400 0.403 0.407 0.407 0.406 0.403 0.401 0.401 0.394 0.394 0.391 0.390
Mulanje 0.354 0.362 0.346 0.357 0.342 0.364 0.370 0.372 0.373 0.373 0.371 0.361 0.360 0.365 0.370 0.371 0.374 0.384 0.392 0.400 0.406 0.409 0.407 0.410 0.413 0.413 0.412 0.414 0.416 0.421 0.418 0.418 0.416 0.414
Mzimba 0.363 0.371 0.355 0.366 0.350 0.373 0.379 0.381 0.382 0.382 0.379 0.372 0.374 0.382 0.389 0.389 0.391 0.399 0.405 0.412 0.416 0.422 0.424 0.431 0.438 0.441 0.443 0.448 0.453 0.460 0.460 0.460 0.458 0.456
Other central (Nkhota Kota, Mchinji, Dowa, Ntchisi, Dedza, Ntcheu) 0.346 0.354 0.338 0.349 0.334 0.356 0.363 0.365 0.366 0.367 0.365 0.353 0.352 0.356 0.359 0.359 0.362 0.371 0.377 0.384 0.390 0.393 0.391 0.395 0.399 0.399 0.398 0.400 0.403 0.407 0.405 0.405 0.402 0.401
Other northern (Chitipa, Karonga, Rumphi, Nkhata Bay) 0.363 0.371 0.355 0.366 0.350 0.373 0.379 0.380 0.382 0.382 0.379 0.371 0.372 0.380 0.386 0.386 0.388 0.396 0.402 0.409 0.414 0.419 0.420 0.426 0.432 0.435 0.437 0.439 0.441 0.445 0.443 0.443 0.440 0.439
Other southern (Balaka, Mwanza, Phalombe, Chiradzulu, Chikwawa, Nsanje, neno) 0.344 0.352 0.336 0.348 0.334 0.358 0.365 0.368 0.371 0.372 0.372 0.360 0.359 0.363 0.367 0.367 0.370 0.379 0.385 0.392 0.397 0.400 0.398 0.402 0.406 0.405 0.405 0.407 0.409 0.414 0.411 0.411 0.409 0.407
Salima 0.347 0.355 0.339 0.351 0.337 0.361 0.368 0.371 0.374 0.375 0.374 0.359 0.354 0.355 0.355 0.360 0.366 0.379 0.389 0.401 0.410 0.410 0.406 0.407 0.408 0.405 0.402 0.405 0.409 0.414 0.413 0.413 0.411 0.409
Thyolo 0.353 0.361 0.345 0.355 0.339 0.360 0.366 0.366 0.367 0.366 0.363 0.353 0.354 0.359 0.365 0.365 0.368 0.377 0.383 0.391 0.396 0.398 0.396 0.399 0.402 0.401 0.400 0.402 0.404 0.408 0.405 0.405 0.403 0.401
Zomba 0.365 0.373 0.357 0.367 0.350 0.372 0.377 0.378 0.378 0.377 0.374 0.368 0.371 0.381 0.390 0.390 0.393 0.403 0.409 0.417 0.423 0.424 0.420 0.422 0.424 0.422 0.420 0.423 0.426 0.430 0.428 0.428 0.426 0.424
Mozambique (Africa)  
Total 0.247 0.254 0.237 0.249 0.251 0.249 0.261 0.275 0.285 0.299 0.295 0.308 0.308 0.327 0.336 0.338 0.344 0.353 0.360 0.369 0.373 0.381 0.390 0.395 0.401 0.406 0.408 0.406 0.408 0.407 0.401 0.400 0.392 0.394
Cabo delgado 0.234 0.241 0.224 0.236 0.238 0.236 0.248 0.262 0.271 0.283 0.277 0.289 0.288 0.305 0.311 0.312 0.316 0.323 0.328 0.335 0.338 0.344 0.354 0.359 0.365 0.371 0.374 0.372 0.375 0.376 0.370 0.370 0.363 0.365
Gaza 0.264 0.271 0.254 0.266 0.268 0.266 0.279 0.292 0.300 0.312 0.305 0.316 0.313 0.329 0.337 0.338 0.343 0.351 0.356 0.364 0.367 0.374 0.389 0.401 0.413 0.424 0.433 0.437 0.446 0.452 0.451 0.456 0.454 0.456
Inhambane 0.259 0.266 0.248 0.261 0.262 0.261 0.273 0.287 0.294 0.305 0.297 0.307 0.304 0.319 0.325 0.325 0.329 0.336 0.340 0.347 0.349 0.355 0.367 0.377 0.386 0.395 0.401 0.403 0.409 0.412 0.410 0.413 0.408 0.411
Manica 0.240 0.247 0.230 0.242 0.244 0.242 0.254 0.268 0.278 0.292 0.287 0.301 0.301 0.320 0.332 0.339 0.349 0.362 0.373 0.387 0.395 0.408 0.415 0.418 0.422 0.425 0.425 0.420 0.421 0.418 0.409 0.406 0.396 0.398
Maputo Cidade 0.352 0.360 0.341 0.354 0.356 0.354 0.368 0.383 0.402 0.426 0.429 0.452 0.461 0.490 0.499 0.500 0.506 0.515 0.521 0.530 0.533 0.541 0.555 0.565 0.575 0.585 0.591 0.592 0.598 0.601 0.597 0.600 0.594 0.597
Maputo Provincia 0.317 0.325 0.306 0.319 0.321 0.319 0.332 0.347 0.358 0.372 0.367 0.381 0.380 0.400 0.408 0.410 0.416 0.426 0.432 0.441 0.445 0.454 0.470 0.483 0.496 0.508 0.518 0.522 0.532 0.538 0.538 0.544 0.541 0.544
Nampula 0.227 0.234 0.217 0.229 0.230 0.229 0.241 0.254 0.266 0.281 0.278 0.293 0.295 0.315 0.323 0.324 0.330 0.338 0.344 0.352 0.355 0.362 0.368 0.371 0.373 0.375 0.375 0.370 0.369 0.366 0.357 0.353 0.343 0.345
Niassa 0.232 0.239 0.222 0.233 0.235 0.233 0.246 0.259 0.268 0.280 0.273 0.285 0.284 0.300 0.309 0.311 0.317 0.326 0.333 0.342 0.346 0.355 0.363 0.367 0.372 0.376 0.377 0.374 0.376 0.375 0.368 0.366 0.358 0.360
Sofala 0.244 0.251 0.234 0.246 0.248 0.246 0.258 0.272 0.285 0.301 0.299 0.316 0.319 0.341 0.351 0.356 0.364 0.375 0.384 0.395 0.402 0.412 0.420 0.424 0.429 0.433 0.434 0.430 0.431 0.430 0.422 0.420 0.410 0.412
Tete 0.235 0.242 0.224 0.236 0.238 0.236 0.249 0.262 0.271 0.284 0.278 0.290 0.289 0.306 0.314 0.315 0.320 0.327 0.333 0.341 0.344 0.350 0.360 0.366 0.372 0.378 0.380 0.379 0.382 0.382 0.377 0.376 0.369 0.371
Zambezia 0.223 0.230 0.213 0.225 0.227 0.225 0.237 0.250 0.260 0.273 0.268 0.281 0.280 0.298 0.308 0.313 0.321 0.332 0.340 0.351 0.357 0.368 0.373 0.374 0.376 0.377 0.376 0.370 0.368 0.364 0.354 0.350 0.339 0.341
Nigeria (Africa)  
Total 0.542 0.540 0.536 0.531 0.530 0.527 0.530 0.530 0.530 0.525 0.528 0.534 0.554 0.561 0.572 0.577 0.585 0.582 0.588 0.593 0.605 0.608 0.611 0.615 0.622 0.624 0.612 0.609 0.607 0.609 0.605 0.606 0.606 0.607
Abia 0.577 0.575 0.571 0.566 0.565 0.562 0.564 0.565 0.565 0.560 0.558 0.559 0.575 0.578 0.601 0.618 0.638 0.647 0.664 0.662 0.668 0.664 0.660 0.656 0.672 0.682 0.678 0.682 0.689 0.675 0.655 0.641 0.641 0.642
Abuja FCT 0.570 0.568 0.564 0.559 0.558 0.555 0.557 0.558 0.558 0.553 0.574 0.598 0.638 0.664 0.679 0.687 0.699 0.698 0.707 0.712 0.724 0.727 0.730 0.733 0.734 0.730 0.711 0.700 0.692 0.696 0.694 0.697 0.698 0.699
Adamawa 0.471 0.469 0.465 0.461 0.459 0.457 0.459 0.459 0.459 0.455 0.461 0.469 0.492 0.502 0.510 0.512 0.518 0.513 0.516 0.531 0.553 0.567 0.580 0.595 0.598 0.597 0.582 0.574 0.569 0.559 0.545 0.534 0.535 0.536
Akwa Ibom 0.541 0.539 0.535 0.530 0.529 0.526 0.528 0.529 0.529 0.524 0.525 0.529 0.547 0.553 0.570 0.581 0.596 0.599 0.611 0.619 0.634 0.640 0.646 0.653 0.660 0.662 0.651 0.647 0.645 0.631 0.612 0.598 0.598 0.599
Anambra 0.601 0.599 0.595 0.589 0.588 0.585 0.588 0.588 0.588 0.583 0.589 0.599 0.624 0.635 0.648 0.654 0.663 0.661 0.668 0.678 0.694 0.702 0.709 0.717 0.721 0.719 0.702 0.694 0.688 0.698 0.703 0.713 0.714 0.715
Bauchi 0.487 0.485 0.481 0.477 0.475 0.473 0.475 0.475 0.475 0.471 0.468 0.467 0.480 0.481 0.488 0.490 0.494 0.488 0.489 0.496 0.509 0.514 0.519 0.524 0.534 0.539 0.531 0.531 0.533 0.526 0.515 0.508 0.509 0.510
Bayelsa 0.519 0.517 0.513 0.508 0.507 0.504 0.506 0.507 0.507 0.502 0.486 0.473 0.473 0.461 0.486 0.506 0.529 0.541 0.562 0.577 0.599 0.612 0.625 0.639 0.639 0.635 0.616 0.606 0.598 0.596 0.588 0.586 0.586 0.587
Benue 0.507 0.505 0.501 0.496 0.495 0.492 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.490 0.492 0.497 0.515 0.521 0.525 0.524 0.525 0.515 0.514 0.521 0.534 0.539 0.544 0.550 0.567 0.579 0.577 0.583 0.592 0.577 0.558 0.543 0.543 0.544
Borno 0.510 0.508 0.504 0.499 0.498 0.496 0.498 0.498 0.498 0.494 0.507 0.523 0.553 0.571 0.566 0.554 0.546 0.527 0.515 0.528 0.547 0.558 0.568 0.579 0.590 0.595 0.586 0.586 0.587 0.585 0.578 0.576 0.577 0.577
Cross River 0.513 0.511 0.507 0.502 0.501 0.498 0.501 0.501 0.501 0.496 0.502 0.510 0.533 0.543 0.548 0.546 0.547 0.538 0.536 0.548 0.566 0.576 0.586 0.597 0.605 0.608 0.597 0.594 0.594 0.580 0.561 0.547 0.548 0.548
Delta 0.622 0.620 0.615 0.610 0.609 0.606 0.608 0.609 0.609 0.604 0.591 0.582 0.587 0.579 0.595 0.605 0.618 0.619 0.630 0.635 0.647 0.649 0.652 0.656 0.666 0.670 0.661 0.659 0.660 0.658 0.651 0.649 0.650 0.650
Ebonyi 0.478 0.476 0.473 0.468 0.467 0.464 0.466 0.467 0.467 0.462 0.456 0.453 0.463 0.461 0.482 0.498 0.516 0.524 0.540 0.545 0.555 0.558 0.560 0.563 0.572 0.575 0.565 0.562 0.562 0.599 0.631 0.668 0.669 0.670
Edo 0.557 0.555 0.551 0.546 0.545 0.542 0.544 0.545 0.545 0.540 0.543 0.549 0.570 0.577 0.599 0.615 0.634 0.642 0.659 0.663 0.674 0.676 0.678 0.681 0.683 0.680 0.663 0.653 0.646 0.662 0.673 0.689 0.689 0.690
Ekiti 0.502 0.500 0.496 0.492 0.490 0.488 0.490 0.490 0.490 0.486 0.500 0.518 0.549 0.569 0.580 0.586 0.594 0.592 0.597 0.614 0.637 0.651 0.666 0.680 0.675 0.664 0.640 0.623 0.609 0.605 0.595 0.591 0.592 0.593
Enugu 0.477 0.476 0.472 0.467 0.466 0.463 0.465 0.466 0.466 0.461 0.491 0.523 0.571 0.605 0.606 0.600 0.597 0.582 0.576 0.586 0.603 0.610 0.618 0.626 0.637 0.642 0.633 0.632 0.633 0.645 0.651 0.662 0.663 0.664
Gombe 0.496 0.494 0.490 0.485 0.484 0.481 0.483 0.484 0.484 0.479 0.480 0.484 0.501 0.507 0.513 0.514 0.518 0.511 0.512 0.524 0.543 0.553 0.563 0.574 0.578 0.577 0.563 0.556 0.552 0.549 0.541 0.538 0.538 0.539
Imo 0.581 0.579 0.575 0.570 0.569 0.566 0.568 0.569 0.569 0.564 0.591 0.622 0.669 0.702 0.696 0.684 0.675 0.653 0.641 0.646 0.657 0.659 0.662 0.664 0.677 0.685 0.678 0.679 0.683 0.683 0.679 0.679 0.680 0.680
Jigawa 0.456 0.455 0.451 0.446 0.445 0.443 0.445 0.445 0.445 0.441 0.436 0.434 0.446 0.446 0.459 0.467 0.479 0.479 0.488 0.498 0.514 0.521 0.529 0.537 0.542 0.541 0.527 0.521 0.517 0.511 0.502 0.496 0.497 0.498
Kaduna 0.545 0.543 0.539 0.534 0.533 0.530 0.532 0.533 0.533 0.528 0.541 0.557 0.588 0.606 0.611 0.610 0.613 0.604 0.604 0.610 0.622 0.626 0.629 0.633 0.638 0.638 0.623 0.617 0.613 0.620 0.621 0.627 0.628 0.629
Kano 0.547 0.545 0.541 0.536 0.535 0.532 0.535 0.535 0.535 0.530 0.539 0.551 0.578 0.592 0.592 0.586 0.584 0.570 0.564 0.570 0.582 0.586 0.589 0.593 0.599 0.598 0.585 0.579 0.576 0.581 0.580 0.585 0.585 0.586
Katsina 0.523 0.521 0.517 0.512 0.511 0.508 0.511 0.511 0.511 0.506 0.513 0.524 0.548 0.560 0.559 0.552 0.549 0.534 0.527 0.533 0.546 0.550 0.554 0.559 0.567 0.570 0.560 0.557 0.557 0.545 0.528 0.516 0.517 0.517
Kebbi 0.464 0.463 0.459 0.454 0.453 0.450 0.452 0.453 0.453 0.448 0.454 0.463 0.485 0.495 0.506 0.511 0.519 0.516 0.522 0.525 0.534 0.535 0.536 0.538 0.545 0.546 0.535 0.532 0.530 0.528 0.520 0.518 0.518 0.519
Kogi 0.572 0.571 0.566 0.561 0.560 0.557 0.560 0.560 0.560 0.555 0.555 0.559 0.577 0.582 0.590 0.592 0.598 0.592 0.595 0.600 0.613 0.616 0.620 0.624 0.628 0.626 0.611 0.604 0.599 0.602 0.600 0.602 0.603 0.604
Kwara 0.584 0.582 0.578 0.572 0.571 0.568 0.571 0.571 0.571 0.566 0.569 0.575 0.597 0.605 0.606 0.601 0.600 0.586 0.582 0.602 0.629 0.648 0.666 0.685 0.681 0.671 0.646 0.631 0.617 0.623 0.624 0.629 0.630 0.631
Lagos 0.665 0.663 0.658 0.653 0.651 0.648 0.651 0.651 0.651 0.646 0.648 0.653 0.674 0.681 0.697 0.707 0.721 0.722 0.732 0.732 0.739 0.736 0.733 0.731 0.733 0.730 0.712 0.703 0.696 0.703 0.704 0.710 0.711 0.712
Nassarawa 0.543 0.541 0.537 0.532 0.531 0.528 0.530 0.531 0.531 0.526 0.523 0.523 0.537 0.538 0.549 0.553 0.561 0.558 0.564 0.573 0.589 0.597 0.604 0.612 0.625 0.632 0.626 0.627 0.631 0.615 0.594 0.578 0.579 0.580
Niger 0.561 0.560 0.555 0.550 0.549 0.546 0.549 0.549 0.549 0.544 0.535 0.528 0.535 0.530 0.545 0.554 0.567 0.569 0.579 0.583 0.594 0.596 0.598 0.600 0.608 0.610 0.599 0.596 0.595 0.601 0.601 0.606 0.607 0.608
Ogun 0.565 0.564 0.559 0.554 0.553 0.550 0.552 0.553 0.553 0.548 0.549 0.552 0.571 0.576 0.583 0.584 0.589 0.582 0.583 0.591 0.605 0.610 0.615 0.621 0.639 0.651 0.650 0.656 0.665 0.648 0.626 0.608 0.609 0.610
Ondo 0.537 0.536 0.531 0.526 0.525 0.523 0.525 0.525 0.525 0.520 0.517 0.516 0.529 0.530 0.547 0.558 0.573 0.576 0.588 0.600 0.618 0.627 0.636 0.646 0.649 0.647 0.630 0.622 0.616 0.609 0.596 0.588 0.589 0.590
Osun 0.605 0.603 0.599 0.594 0.592 0.589 0.592 0.592 0.592 0.587 0.577 0.571 0.579 0.574 0.585 0.591 0.600 0.597 0.603 0.616 0.635 0.645 0.656 0.667 0.664 0.655 0.632 0.617 0.605 0.613 0.615 0.622 0.623 0.624
Oyo 0.548 0.546 0.542 0.537 0.536 0.533 0.535 0.536 0.536 0.531 0.534 0.540 0.561 0.569 0.582 0.589 0.600 0.599 0.606 0.614 0.629 0.634 0.640 0.646 0.654 0.656 0.643 0.639 0.638 0.628 0.614 0.604 0.605 0.606
Plateau 0.521 0.520 0.516 0.511 0.509 0.507 0.509 0.509 0.509 0.505 0.512 0.522 0.546 0.558 0.557 0.549 0.545 0.529 0.522 0.535 0.554 0.565 0.576 0.587 0.595 0.598 0.587 0.584 0.583 0.575 0.562 0.553 0.554 0.555
Rivers 0.557 0.555 0.551 0.546 0.545 0.542 0.544 0.545 0.545 0.540 0.552 0.568 0.598 0.616 0.624 0.626 0.631 0.624 0.626 0.633 0.647 0.652 0.656 0.662 0.673 0.678 0.670 0.669 0.671 0.667 0.658 0.654 0.654 0.655
Sokoto 0.440 0.438 0.435 0.430 0.429 0.426 0.429 0.429 0.429 0.425 0.423 0.424 0.438 0.440 0.458 0.470 0.486 0.491 0.504 0.512 0.526 0.533 0.539 0.546 0.548 0.546 0.531 0.524 0.518 0.519 0.515 0.516 0.516 0.517
Taraba 0.539 0.538 0.534 0.529 0.527 0.525 0.527 0.527 0.527 0.523 0.510 0.500 0.504 0.495 0.502 0.503 0.508 0.502 0.503 0.510 0.522 0.526 0.530 0.535 0.544 0.548 0.539 0.538 0.538 0.531 0.519 0.511 0.512 0.512
Yobe 0.515 0.513 0.509 0.504 0.503 0.500 0.502 0.503 0.503 0.498 0.514 0.533 0.566 0.587 0.574 0.554 0.537 0.509 0.490 0.496 0.509 0.514 0.518 0.523 0.526 0.523 0.508 0.501 0.495 0.501 0.502 0.507 0.508 0.509
Zamfora 0.479 0.478 0.474 0.469 0.468 0.465 0.467 0.468 0.468 0.463 0.471 0.482 0.507 0.519 0.520 0.515 0.513 0.500 0.495 0.500 0.511 0.515 0.518 0.522 0.532 0.537 0.530 0.529 0.531 0.532 0.527 0.527 0.527 0.528